The PDF Association has announced its second release of Techniques for Accessible PDF by the PDF Accessibility Liaison Working Group. Following the January 2025 announcement of the original set of fundamental techniques, the 2025-Q2 release focuses on headings, with nine new pass techniques and eight new failure examples, expanding significantly on the existing guidance. 

Headings are vital in organizing document content, especially with longer or complex documents. For assistive technology, the correct use of headings allows what would otherwise be an undifferentiated stream of text to become a navigable document in which readers can quickly find the content they want to read, and skip the content they don’t want to read. The new Techniques for headings provide essential examples of correct and incorrect use of these document-structuring tags in the PDF context. Getting headings right in PDF is especially important, as PDF files can be very long documents, possibly including deeply nested headings. 

PDF files can also contain multiple documents and / or subsections of other documents. Accordingly, techniques for headings in PDF files differ from techniques that are applicable to other technologies such as HTML. This vendor-neutral information, combined with precise, fully-functional example files, provides a basis for precise, authoritative test results while ensuring software developers retain maximum flexibility and potential for innovation. The objective is to help software developers, document authors and remediators to arrive at a common understanding of how to meet the needs of users who rely on assistive technology in order to read.

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